Nhoroondo ye Zimbabwe - History of Zimbabwe

(ChiShona)

Zimbabwe, ichinzizve Republic of Zimbabwe, uye yakambozivikanwa seSouthern Rhodesia, Republic of Rhodesia uyezve Zimbabwe Rhodesia, inyika yakakomberedzwa nedzimwe iri kuchamhembe kweAfrica.

Kumabvazuva kuneMozambique, kuchamhembe kune Chamhembe Africa, kumadokero kune Botswana, kumawodzanyemba kuneZambia. Mutauro wevakambopamba nyika Chirungu (English) asi ruzhinji rwevanhu munyika iyi runotaura ChiShona. ChiShona mutauro wevanhu vakagara munzvimbo iyi kubva makarekare. Rurimi rweSindebele rwunotaurwawo zvakare muZimbabwe nevanhu veMatabele. Ava vanhu vakasvikawo munzvimbo iyi apo veChiShona vanga vatodzika midzi. VeMatabele ava vaibvawo nechekuchamhembe uko vaitiza ishe wavo Shaka Zulu uyo aida kuvatonga ivo vasingadi kutongwa naye

Zvakare kuchamhembe kwenyika iyi kune rwizi rukuru rwunonzi Limpopo, ukuwo kumawodzanyemba kunezve rumwe rwizi rukuru runonzi Zambezi. Nzizi idzi ihuru kwazvo uye dzinodira mugungwa reIndian Ocean.

Kubvira makore 1250 kabanga kuzvika 1629, nzvimbo yavekuzikanwa seZimbabwe iyi yaitongwa nemadzimambo eMutapa (Mutapa Empire), vachizikanwazve sekuti Mwene Mutapa, Monomatapa kana kuti pachirungu Empire of Great Zimbabwe. Nzvimbo iyoyi yaive nemukurumbira chaizvo panyaya dzendarama (Goridhe), iro raifambiswa nevanhu vechiArab. Zvakadaro, vechiPutukezi (Portuguese) vakauya ndokuparadza hurongwa ihwohwo nokukasira, zvikasiya Monomatapa iri panguva yekusaziva zvekuita . Gore ra1834 veMatabele, ava vanga vakuzviti maNdebele, vakasvikawo munzvimbo iyoyi yamadzimambo Mutapa. Vakasvika nechekuchamhemhembe kwakadziva kumadokero (South West) kwenzvimbo yamadzimambo Mutapa. Tambo taura pamusoro kuti vanhu ava vakange vari kutiza kubva kunamambo wavowo Shaka ainge arikudya marasha chamhembe ikoko. VechiNdebele ava vaitungamirwawo namambo wavo Lobengula. Nzvimbo yavakagara iyi yaizozikanwa seMatabeleland munguva yaizotevera kusanginisira zvino uno.

Nyika yeZimbabwe yakawana kuzvitonga mugore ra1980, apo bato reZanu-PF raRobert Gabriel Mugabe rakavhoterwa neruzhinji rwevanhu. Mureza weBritain wakadzikiswa musi wa18 April 1980, mureza weZimbabwe ukasimudzwa. VaMugabe vakatonga nyika iyi kwemakore anopotsa makumi mana. Mushure mekudaro, mutevedzeri wavo Emmerson Mnangagwa akatora chinzvimbo chazvo mushure mekunge va Mugabe vamanikidzwa kuti vasiye basa. Emmerson Mnangagwa uyu haana kuzvitorera chigaro ega, akabatsirwa nemauto uyezve aiva nerubatsiro rwebato raitonga rinova Zanu Pf. Iri ndiro bato richirikutonga munyika ye Zimbabwe zuva ranhasi. Emmeson Mnangagwa akatpinda pachigaro mugore ra 2017 mumwedzi wa Mbudzi, netarisiro yekuti gore raitevera paitwe sarudzo yekutsvaga mutungamiri wenyika anodiwa nevanhu. Ruzhinji rwakamusarudza zvakare asi pakaita mutauro nemutungamiriri webato rinopikisa MDC rinotungamirirwa na va Nelson Chamisa. Myaya iyi yakanetsa ikatozoenda kudare redzimhosva rinoona nenyaya dzebumbiro remitemo. Nyaya ya Va Chamisa yekupikisa zvakabuda musarudzo yakaonekwa nedare isina humbowo, dare rikati Emmeson Mnangawa ndiye akasarudzwa neruzhinji.

(English)

Following the Lancaster House Agreement of 1979 there was a transition to internationally recognised majority rule in 1980; the United Kingdom ceremonially granted Zimbabwe independence on 18 April that year. In the 2000s Zimbabwe's economy began to deteriorate due to various factors, including mismanagement and corruption, the imposition of sanctions, such as among others the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001, following the switch from Willing Buyer, Willing Seller to Fast Track land reform. Economic instability led several members of Military of Zimbabwe the military to try to overthrow the government in a coup d'état in 2007. Prior to its recognised independence as Zimbabwe in 1980, the nation had been known by several names: Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia and Zimbabwe Rhodesia.